We consider a couple to have infertility, if they have not conceived despite regular intercourse without using any birth control for at least for a year. 15 to 20 % couples will not conceive despite a year of trying. However this does not mean they will not conceive later on, hence they need to be investigated and treated accordingly.

We can divide female factors for infertility as

• - Ovarian factor
• - Tubal factor
• - Uterine factor
• - Endometrial factor
• - Un explained

The most common ovulatory factor is PCOS and Chocolate Cyst. The other being Premature Ovarian Failure.

The tubal factors include hydrosalpinx and tubal block. Uterine factors include unicornuate Uterus, bicornuate Uterus, fibroid uterus and adenomyosis. Endometrial factors include Asherman Syndrome, Endometrial Polyp, thin endometrium and endometriosis. Pelvic factors like vaginal septum, other factors such as Hormone Imbalance like hypothyroid, hyper Prolactinemia , Diabetes Mellitus etc also can cause infertility. Male factors include Oligospermia, OATS and Azoospermia.

Every Couple need a proper counseling and support in their first visit followed by investigations done for both the partners. For Women the basic hormone profile including AMH and other necessary blood investigations. For men Semen Analysis and blood Investigations are done.

• - Trans vaginal Ultra Sound
• - Follicular Study
• - Saline Infusion Sonography – SSG
• - Hystero Salphingography ‐ HSG
• - IUI – Intrauterine Insemination
• - ICSI – Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection
• - IMSI – Intra Morphologically Selected Sperm Injection
• - PICSI – Physiological Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection
• - Surgical Sperm Extrac􀀙on – TESA, PESA/ Micro TESE
• - Cryo Preservation
• - LAH ‐ Laser Assisted Hatching
• - ERA – Endometrial Recep􀀙vity Array
• - PGD – Pre Implantation Gene􀀙c Diagnosis
• - Donor Programme ( Gametes & Embryos)
• - 3D Laparoscopic Surgeries Adenomyomectomy Chocolate Cystectomy Adhesiolysis Abdominal encerclage
• - Hysteroscopic Septal resection
• - Tubal Cannulayion
• Tubal Recanalization

• - Oligo/ Anovulation – Irregular Periods, either geting periods once in 2 to 3 months or at times frequent menstruation
• - Hyperandrogenism ‐ Excessive Hair growth, acne, high androgen level in the blood
• - Polycystic Ovaries detected by ultrasound.

Yes. Secondary infertility is the one which arises in a couple who had previous pregnancy, this also needs to be investigated and treated.